MBBR (Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) media support both aerobic and anaerobic processes through the development and maintenance of biofilms under different environmental conditions within the reactor. The versatility of MBBR systems, facilitated by the design and operation of the media, allows for the treatment of wastewater through both oxygen-dependent and oxygen-independent pathways. Here's how MBBR media supports these processes:

1. Aeration and Oxygen Supply: In aerobic zones, MBBR media are kept in motion through aeration, which also supplies oxygen to the biofilm growing on the media. Oxygen is crucial for aerobic microorganisms that degrade organic pollutants through respiration. The constant movement ensures even distribution of oxygen and substrates across the biofilm, enhancing the efficiency of aerobic degradation processes.

2. Surface Area for Biofilm Growth: The high surface area provided by the MBBR media allows for a significant biomass of aerobic microorganisms to attach and grow. This extensive biofilm formation is critical for effective aerobic treatment, facilitating the breakdown of organic matter, nitrification, and other oxygen-dependent processes.

1. Anoxic and Anaerobic Zones: MBBR systems can be designed with specific zones where aeration is minimal or absent, creating anoxic or anaerobic conditions. In these zones, the media support biofilms that thrive in the absence of oxygen. Anaerobic microorganisms, including denitrifiers and phosphate-accumulating organisms, can perform processes like denitrification and biological phosphorus removal within these biofilms.

2. Layered Biofilm Structure: The biofilm on MBBR media often develops in layers, with aerobic microorganisms predominantly near the biofilm-water interface, where oxygen is more accessible, and anaerobic microorganisms deeper within the biofilm, where oxygen penetration is limited. This stratification allows MBBR media to simultaneously support aerobic and anaerobic processes within the same biofilm.

3. Flexible Operational Conditions: The operational conditions of MBBR systems, including the control of aeration and mixing, can be adjusted to promote either aerobic or anaerobic biological activity, depending on the treatment objectives. This flexibility enables the MBBR media to support a wide range of wastewater treatment processes within a single reactor or series of reactors.

By facilitating both aerobic and anaerobic biological processes, MBBR media offer a highly efficient and versatile platform for the treatment of diverse types of wastewater. The ability to support complex biological processes within the same system makes MBBR technology a valuable option for wastewater treatment facilities looking to optimize treatment efficiency and meet stringent effluent quality standards.